Don’t perform any diagnostic or therapeutic procedure without having previously collected the medical history and information on possible allergies or pre-existing diseases of the patient.

Don’t perform any diagnostic or therapeutic procedure without having previously collected the medical history and information on possible allergies or pre-existing diseases of the patient.

The collection of the medical history represents, in most cases, the first contact with the patient, including the family history and the remote and prior pathological history. It is thus fundamental that the medical history collects as many details including, indeed,...
Don’t perform any diagnostic or therapeutic procedure without having previously collected the medical history and information on possible allergies or pre-existing diseases of the patient.

Don’t observe the patient only from the biological point of view but consider also the subjective component of the disease, the level of health literacy and the familial and social context in which the patient is inserted.

It’s fundamental that medical students are aware of the importance of a doctor-patient relationship within which the patient is considered in its entirety and not as a passive receiver of assistance. Such relationship is essential to the realization of an effective...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Back Pain

Magnetic resonance imaging for back pain is regularly prescribed at the first signs of back pain or sciatica (pain radiating down the leg), often in the absence of physical and medical treatment to alleviate the pain. If no serious neurological or systemic symptoms...
The search for anti-insular cell antibodies (ICA) and anti-insulin antibodies (IAA) should not be performed in the case of suspected late-onset autoimmune diabetes (LADA) or gestational diabetes mellitus. Search instead simultaneously for anti-GAD, anti-IA2 and anti-ZnT8 antibodies.

The search for anti-insular cell antibodies (ICA) and anti-insulin antibodies (IAA) should not be performed in the case of suspected late-onset autoimmune diabetes (LADA) or gestational diabetes mellitus. Search instead simultaneously for anti-GAD, anti-IA2 and anti-ZnT8 antibodies.

The finding of even one antibody positivity among anti-GAD, anti-IA2 and anti-ZnT8 is a diagnostic criterion of LADA and suggests an autoimmune pathogenesis in gestational diabetes mellitus.
The search for anti-insular cell antibodies (ICA) and anti-insulin antibodies (IAA) should not be performed in the case of suspected late-onset autoimmune diabetes (LADA) or gestational diabetes mellitus. Search instead simultaneously for anti-GAD, anti-IA2 and anti-ZnT8 antibodies.

Invasive endoscopic investigation with multiple biopsies should not be performed in all patients suspected of autoimmune gastritis but only in those presenting with alteration of serum markers of gastric function (pepsinogen I and II, gastrin 17) and/or antibodies against gastric parietal cells (PCA) and anti-intrinsic factor (IFA). For the determination of PCA and IFA, the use of quantitative immunometric methods is preferable.

In the presence of gastric function compatible with atrophy and autoantibody positivity the suspicion is substantial and it is necessary to proceed to gastric biopsy.