Primary monosymptomatic enuresis in children under 6 years of age does not require specialist treatment or specific diagnostic testing, with the exception of a simple urine dipstick test. When analysing a urine dipstick test, the possible presence of glycosuria and proteinuria should be evaluated and the specific gravity should be checked. No pharmacological treatment is necessary. What is required, however, is a detailed anamnesis of bladder function. After 6 years of age, before any eventual specialist visit, at least six months of behavioural therapy (an hour and a half before bedtime reduce liquid intake to a minimum, empty the bladder before going to bed and no drinking during the night) is recommended, together with keeping a bladder diary. Bowel function should also be corrected. If behavioural therapy should fail (at least 50% dry nights) an 8-week period of associated support therapy (enuresis alarm or 120 mcg desmopressin every evening) can be discussed with the family. The month before starting treatment, a bladder diary must be completed in order to compare results with those taken during the month after the start of treatment. If this approach proves unsuccessful (at least 50% dry nights), a specialist visit is recommended.