To identify the five practices at greatest risk of inappropriateness, a special commission was set up by the board of the Italian Society of Nephrology, directed by Dr. Alessandro Amore. With the active cooperation of the other board members (and Dr. Sandro Feriozzi in particular), the commission drew up a list of 22 practices at risk of inappropriateness. These practices were then posted on the Society’s website and submitted to a vote, and the five potentially inappropriate practices most often voted in absolute terms (the outcome of a democratic vote by all 289 active members of the Italian Society of Nephrology) were identified as the five focus points for publication on the Slow Medicine website.