Urine culture has to be performed after having a urine sample checked for the presence of leucocytes and/or nitrites, with dipstick, or by microscopic urinalysis, and in some special cases, together with urinoculture. In the absence of a pathologic multistick test or urinalysis it is not possible to evaluate if the eventual positive urine culture is due to a real urinary tract infection, to contamination of the specimen, or to occasional bacteriuria. The clean-catch urine specimen is the most recommended methodology for urine collection (i.e collect a morning urine sample in a sterile container after having thrown away the first stream).