In November 2013 the Cochrane Neurological Sciences Field (CNF) searched the list of recommendations published in Choosing Wisely for those of interest from a neurological point of view, dealing with dementia. The first three recommendations of present list are adapted from Choosing Wisely Master List (American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, American Geriatrics Society, AMDA – Dedicated to Long Term Care Medicine™, American Psychiatric Association) and were found to be adequate for the Italian situation. The fourth recommendation, initially inspired to the corresponding one by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, has been radically amended and updated in January 2015. The last recommendation arose from the need to identify the correct use of diagnostic imaging, recently introduced in cognitive impairment, warning of the risk of over-diagnosis. All recommendations were subsequently updated in 2022.