The National Board of Directors of ANMCO established a working group in 2014, with the task of identifying the 5 practices at greatest risk of inappropriateness. Recently, ANMCO established a working group coordinated by the Management and Quality Area with the aim of identifying, in light of the most recent guidelines and through the “brainstorming” methodology, the 5 cardiology practices that are currently at greatest risk of inappropriateness in Italy. 23 practices potentially at risk of inappropriateness were identified, then submitted to a vote by the members of the working group, and a score was assigned according to pre-established criteria. On the basis of the highest scores, the 5 recommendations on the practices at greatest risk of inappropriateness were then defined (2024 revision).